{"id":11360,"date":"2014-12-24T16:00:36","date_gmt":"2014-12-24T12:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/daneshschools.com\/gholhak\/?p=11360"},"modified":"2022-08-31T16:49:51","modified_gmt":"2022-08-31T12:19:51","slug":"%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87-%d9%86%d8%b5%db%8c%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daneshschools.com\/archive\/%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87-%d9%86%d8%b5%db%8c%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%db%8c%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%db%8c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u0627\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc<\/b> \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646<\/b> (\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0654 <\/span>\u06f5 \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u06f5\u06f7\u06f9<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0633<\/span><\/a> – \u062f\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0654 <\/span>\u06f1\u06f1 \u062a\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u06f6\u06f5\u06f3<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/a>) \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c<\/span> \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u060c <\/span>\u0645\u062a\u06a9\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0642\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 <\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0647‌\u0627\u0634 «\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631» \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 «\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646»\u060c «\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc»\u060c «\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631» \u0648 «\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647» \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n\t\t\"\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647‌\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u06f8\u06f8\u06f4 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a <\/span>\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 <\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc <\/span>\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u0634\u06cc\u0639\u0647<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 <\/span>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/a> \u06af\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u0648\u06cc <\/span>\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647‌\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span> \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u0627\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 <\/span>\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/span><\/a>) \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 <\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/span> \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u06f1\u06f6 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0647 <\/span>\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647<\/span><\/a> \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc‌\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633‌\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc‌\u0633\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u067e\u062f\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u062f \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc‌\u0627\u0634 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a. \u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u0646\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 <\/span>\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/a> \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0634\u0645 <\/span>\u0642\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 <\/span>\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/a><\/i> \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a. \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u062f\u0698 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a<\/span><\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u0634 <\/span>\u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646(\u06f6\u06f3\u06f5 \u0647. \u062e) \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06cc <\/span>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a> \u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06f1\u06f8 <\/span>\u0630\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0647<\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u06f6\u06f7\u06f2<\/span><\/a> <\/span>\u0647\u062c\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0645\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u06a9\u0627\u0638\u0645\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f<\/span>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n
\n\t\t\u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
\n\t\t\"\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0641\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc. \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u067e\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645‌\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

\n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n\t\u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 «\u0641\u0642\u0647» \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 «\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06cc» (\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 <\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0648 <\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0647<\/span><\/a> \u062d\u0644\u0628\u06cc) \u0641\u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f6\u06f1\u06f9 \u0642. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647‌\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 «\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u06cc» \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a \u0646\u0632\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0647‌\u0627\u0633\u062a. «<\/span>\u06a9\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/a>» \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 (\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642) \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/a> \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634‌\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u06cc‌\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a <\/span>\u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f6\u06f5\u06f1 \u0642. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f6\u06f5\u06f6 \u0642. \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u062a\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u062a\u0644‌\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0632\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647‌\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a.<\/span>[\u06f2\u06f3]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc‌\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc‌\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc‌\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/span>[\u06f1]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u067e\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0645<\/span><\/a> (\u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u06cc) \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u06a9\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0648 \u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a. \u0639\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u06cc\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0633\u0631\u0634 (\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0628\u06a9\u0631) \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a.<\/span>[\u06f2\u06f5]<\/span><\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 <\/span>\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a‌\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n\t\t\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f.<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  2. \n\t\t\u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062a\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646.<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  3. \n\t\t\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 <\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u06cc\u062f<\/span><\/a> (\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0647) \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648 <\/span>\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06a9 \u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0648 <\/span>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0637\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc‌\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0648 \u062e\u0634\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f.<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  4. \n\t\t\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 <\/span>\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647‌\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0634\u062f \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f6\u06f9\u06f4 \u0642. \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  5. \n\t\t\u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  6. \n\t\t\u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633 <\/span>\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647<\/span><\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f6\u06f5\u06f6 \u0642. \u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n
  7. \n\t\t\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af <\/span>\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> \u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0631 \u06f4\u06f0\u06f0 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0637\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639‌\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647‌\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/span>\n\t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n\t\t\"\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n

    \n\t\t\t\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a \u06f8\u06f1\u06f2 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

    \n\t\t\t \n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    \n\t\t \n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    \n\t\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06f6\u06f0 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647‌\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0686 \u0686\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u062e \u062f\u0631 \u06f1\u06f9\u06f7\u06f9 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0634\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0630\u0631\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a> \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f3 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a \u06f8\u06f1\u06f2 \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06cc‌\u0628\u06cc‌\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc‌\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u067e\u06cc‌\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0632 <\/span>\u06f5 \u0627\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t \n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t \n<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n\t\t\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n

    \n\t\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0654 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632<\/i> (\u0628\u0647 <\/span>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/a>: Today sovietunion) \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0654 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633<\/i> (\u0628\u0647 <\/span>\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/a>: Another forerunner of columbus) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0654 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062a <\/span>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <\/span>\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0628<\/span><\/a> \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n\t\t\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n

    \n\t\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639<\/i> \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634‌\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc‌\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc‌\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n\t\t\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n

    \n\t\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u06a9‌\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/i> \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0654 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u0654 \u0630\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc‌\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642‌\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/i> \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0622\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc‌\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 <\/span>\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0622\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0627\u0628\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647‌\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n\t\t\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/span>\n\t<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n

    \n\t\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc «<\/span>\u0632\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/span><\/a>» \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645‌\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0632\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u062f\u0647‌\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 -\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0646- \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647‌\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f6 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc (\u06f3\u06f0\u06f0 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u06af \u0637\u0648\u0633\u06cc) \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627<\/span><\/a> \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f. \u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u06cc‌\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0654 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0654 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc‌\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647‌\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646‌\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc‌\u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
    \n\t\t\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645<\/span>\n\t<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n\t\t\t\t\u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u06cc‌\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0644<\/i> – \u0630\u0627\u0644<\/i> \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \n\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0650 \u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u06cc<\/i> \u0628\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0646\u0647 <\/span>\u0630\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/a> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \n
    \n\t\t\u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06f7 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0654 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0628 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/span>\n\t<\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n\t\t\t\t\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t\u0686\u0634\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0641\u062a \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \n\t\t\t\t\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0644\u06cc\u062f<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t<\/td>\n\n\t\t\t\t\u067e\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u06a9\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0636 \u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \n\t\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

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    \n\t\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0647 \u067e\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f: \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0648 \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u062f\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a. \u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u0641\u0636\u06cc\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0634 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631 <\/span>\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n

    \n\t \n<\/p>\n

    \n\t <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a‌\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc   […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/daneshschools.com\/archive\/\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647-\u0646\u0635\u06cc\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646-\u062a\u0648\u0633\u06cc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0622\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0642\u0644\u0647\u06a9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-12-24T12:30:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-31T12:19:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/daneshschools.com\/archive\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/200px-Tusi_manus1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0632\u06cc\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0632\u06cc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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